| 1953 |
A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid James Watson and Francis Crick’s classic paper that first describes the double helical structure of DNA. |
| 1962 |
Pauling’s theory of molecular evolution |
| 1962 |
Watson & Crick get Nobel Prize for elucidating the double helical structure of DNA |
| 1965 |
Margaret Dayhoff’s Atlas of Protein Sequences |
| 1970 |
Needleman-Wunsch algorithm |
| 1977 |
DNA sequencing and software to analyze it (Staden) |
| 1981 |
Smith-Waterman algorithm developed |
| 1981 |
The concept of a sequence motif (Doolittle) |
| 1982 |
GenBank Release 3 made public |
| 1982 |
Phage lambda genome sequenced |
| 1983 |
Sequence database searching algorithm (Wilbur-Lipman) |
| 1985 |
FASTP/FASTN: fast sequence similarity searching |
| 1988 |
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) created at NIH/NLM |
| 1988 |
EMBnet network for database distribution |
| 1990 |
BLAST: fast sequence similarity searching |
| 1991 |
EST: expressed sequence tag sequencing |
| 1993 |
Sanger Centre, Hinxton, UK |
| 1994 |
EMBL European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK |
| 1995 |
Methanococcus jannaschii genome sequenced; confirms existence of third major branch of life on earth |
| 1996 |
Yeast genome completely sequenced |
| 1996 |
Sequence of the human T-cell receptor region completed. |
| 1997 |
PSI-BLAST |
| 1997 |
Escherichia coli genome sequence completed |
| 1998 |
Worm (multicellular) genome completely sequenced |
| 1998 |
Fly genome completely sequenced |
| 2001 |
Special issues of Science (Feb. 16, 2001) and Nature (Feb. 15, 2001) contain the working draft of the human genome sequence. |
| 2002 |
Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium publishes its draft sequence of mouse genome in the December 5, 2002, issue of Nature. |
| 2002 |
International consortium led by the DOE Joint Genome Institute publishes draft sequence of Fugu rubripes. |
| 2003 |
Human Chromosome 14 Finished - Chromosome 14 is the fourth chromosome to be completely sequenced. |
